Developing an English Language Curriculum Essay Example for Free

Building up an English Language Curriculum Essay The current issue includes building up an educational program for English language that is appropriate for all individuals, originating from everywhere throughout the nation; even those without the essential information on the language. The difficult involves discovering the premise of growing such an educational program, dissecting the substance and inclusion of such an educational plan, testing the reasonableness of it to the clients, sketching out an example educational program and discovering the conceivable result of such an educational plan. The difficult will likewise examine the probability of making bargains, potential trade offs, the gatherings influenced and how to balance the impacts of such settles. Hypothetical Background and Analysis Curriculum improvement for dialects has for a decent time span been founded on; creating language responsiveness, creating certainty and fitness in the utilization of English language, attempting to impart into the students the psychological ability, preparing students to create language innovative and passionate aptitudes by means of oral, perusing and composing aptitudes. In attempting to build up any showing educational plan, one can concentrate on the above as rule. Generally, the educational plan exercises have been controlled by utilization of a specific arrangement of objectives should have been accomplished. Subsequently one would plunk down and investigate the specific things he needed to accomplish at that point feel free to build up an efficient method to wind up with the ideal outcomes. Inability to accomplish these outcomes would be trailed by restorative measures to the educational plan. In any case, further improvements to this has prompted another method of building up an educational plan dependent on the way or course used to accomplishing wanted outcomes other than the one dependent on building up an educational program on objective premise. An educational plan can be created based on assignments (Nunan, 1998). One methodology centers around breaking down the psycholinguistics engaged with the procurement of a subsequent language and initiation of such in a homeroom. The other methodology fundamentally centers around the reason the students need the language for. Nunan and Lockwood (1991) have thought of a model to execute the last methodology. This includes permitting students build up the aptitudes of the language, offer an opportunity to examine and tune in on how test undertakings are comprehended, giving a linguistically educated direction for execution of different assignments, and animating them to create abilities that are developing in them by means of practice. We should anyway place into thought the current issue; that the understudies will be relied upon to become familiar with a subsequent language, for this situation English. Much as they will attempt to be given the above rules we can likewise be guided by a model appropriate for them. Two models can be engaged as a reason for this: (a) The practice method of reasoning way which centers around what they will mean to do with the language they are learning. (b) Psycholinguistic model which responds to the inquiry on the necessary components to procure a subsequent language. I do in this way suggest such an educational plan would involve courses that will cause the students to be acclimatized into a culture of having a positive reaction to utilizing the English language as relating correspondence every day, preparing them how to convey, compose, think basically and tackle issues utilizing the language. Essentially, since the language involves having the option to peruse, compose (which would request information on the syntax, utilize the language mechanics, handwriting and spelling), to tune in and talk all these future part and passel of the educational program. Emerging Effects and Addressing the Problem It is difficult to build up a trade off educational program for everybody. While some would view such changes as just an exercise in futility and wrecking their time in school since they know the nuts and bolts, the students would discover a chance to absorb what is important to give them a simpler time in school. A trade off must anyway lessen the probability of going into what the newcomers can discovered for themselves. Since they as of now have come to consider different courses in the foundation, it very well may be expected too that the greater part of them will know about the difficulties in question. Rather than state setting up a different scholarly year to experience the educational program, the educational plan can be made to fit into their program as they experience different courses of their investigation. One can consequently fit in two courses of contemplating English in their first year of study. The main course, for instance can contain courses for the understudies to learn correspondence, composing and understanding abilities, while in the resulting term, the subsequent course can involve courses provoking understudies to speculation fundamentally, expository aptitudes, translation aptitudes, and utilizing the language to plan thoughts. It must be viewed as that understudies should be presented to securing a subsequent language by introducing one which is more mind boggling what they have and they will pick up maximally. This was a faith in input speculation by Krashen (1981, 1982) which has followed up on for some investigates. The subsequent stage would involve discovering what lion's share of the students will be, their experience dialects and how the educational plan can be fit to support them. An examination should be directed to set up what the current circumstance is on the ground, need of having such an educational plan, its suggestions to the understudies as of now in the organization and how they want to be made a difference. It would be of little need to build up an educational plan that lone copies work and over-burdens the understudies. In deed, this can be illuminated via completing a broad exploration on the requirement for it, even before it is planned. Once there is sufficient proof that such an educational plan is of need, one can feel free to structure it. It is smarter to join the perspectives on the expected recipients to this venture. The educational program ought to be equipped towards ensuring that the understudies additionally advantage in use of the language in different trains other than English itself. In this manner, a decent availability between English language abilities ought to be guaranteed by the educational plan being actualized. Execution and Review Once the program has been actualized, there is have to continue obtaining the criticism from the recipients relating different courses, their advantages and what they think should be possible to enhance the emerging challenges, dissecting the components of the input and doing the remedial measures as relating course improvement. End In the above investigation, I have given a premise model which can be utilized in building up an English language educational program, and sort to take care of issues identified with its presentation in any learning condition. The execution and survey area tries to give a framework how one can place enthusiastically such an educational program and audit it. Recollect that a decent educational plan is the one that achieves its expected reason acceptably. It doesn't imply that it is liberated from challenges, yet these must be managed. Reference NCCA (2008): Curriculum Online. Recovered from, http://82. 195. 132. 34/record. asp?locID=399docID=-1, on September 10, 2008 Krashen, S. (1981). Second language procurement and second language learning. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Krashen, S. (1982). Standards and practice in second language procurement. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Nunan D. (1998). Open Tasks and the Language Curriculum. Macquarie University Urbana-Champaign University of Illinois. Recovered from http://www. iei. uiuc. edu/TESOLOnline/messages/nunan/file. html on September 10, 2008. Nunan, D. , Lockwood, J. (1991). The Australian English course: Task based English for post-novices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sunni Islam

Sunnis Several years after Muhammad's passing, the different groups of the Islamic confidence were framed. A large number of Muhammad's family members and friends were associated with the force battle, and the war at long last balanced out when Mu'awiyya, the representative of Syria, assumed responsibility for the Caliphate. This denoted the ascent of the Umayyad dynastyâ which managed Islam for a long while. Despite the fact that the Qur’an appoints that the division of Muslims into various areas is taboo, three groups of Islam created and developed at the finish of the Islamic Civil War.These incorporate the Sunni, Shiite, Ahmadiyya and Karijite. Of these four, the Sunni group is by a wide margin the biggest, including 90% of the world Muslim populace, with Shi’a containing the second biggest rate. The exacting interpretation of the word Sunni is â€Å"habit† or regular practice. My supposition that will be that the propensity or practice alludes to the activities of Muhammad. So anybody professing to follow the Sunnah, which are the activities of Muhammad and can show that they accept the Hadith, which are portrayals of the activities of Muhammad, can believe oneself to be a Sunni Muslim.People of Sunni direction accept that Muhammad had never picked a replacement his passing and subsequently no one can actually appropriately succeed him or become the succeeding pioneer of the Caliphate other than his nearest partners, or Shahaba. Sunnis belive that lone the initial four caliphs ought to be viewed as the appropriately driven caliphs. They incorporate Abu Bakr, Umar al-Khattab, Uthman Affan, and Ali Talib. In reality why there has not been one broadly known caliph since 1923 for the whole Islamic religion is because of the way that Islam is separated into these three segments metioned earlier.Although Sunnis acknowledge hadith described by the initial four caliphs, they respect one assortment of hadith to be the most real. This is known as the Sahih al Bukhari. The exacting interpretation of sahih is â€Å"authentic†. The Sunni part of Islam has four lawful ways of thinking orâ madh'hab, through which Sunnis practice strict statute, or strict way of thinking. There was only one madh-hab during the hour of the â€Å"rightly-guided† Caliphs yet after the start of the Umayyad tradition, things changed. The Umayyad caliphs didn't have a similar strict authority as the past ones.After the Umayyad Dynasty, there was the Abbasid Dynasty. In contrast with the Umayyads, they were progressively strong of Islamic law. The crystallization of four significant Sunni madh’hab of Islamic fiqh came to fruition by the third century of Hijra. These four incorporate the Hanafi, which was established by Abu Hanifah and is the prevailing school of Muslims in the United Kingdom and Germany, and furthermore followed by Muslims in Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan. The Maliki school, established b y a Hanifa’s oldest understudy named Malik ibn Anas and is the predominant school of Muslims in Morocco, Algeria, Libiya, Nigeria, Sudan Bahrain, UAE and Kuwait.The Shafi’i school established by an understudy of Malik named Muhammad ibn Idris debris Shafi’i and is the prevailing school of Muslims in Indonesia, Egypt, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Kenya, Somalia, Kenya Tanzania, Jordan, India, Syria and Lebanon. The Hanbali school established by an understudy of al-Shafi’i named Ahmad canister Hanbal, and is the prevailing school of Muslims in the Arabian Peninsula, to name the most overwhelming ones. The adherents of these four schools follow a similar fundamental convictions however contrast from each other as far as training and execution of customs, and in understanding of Shari’a.So as opposed to again splitting themselves into various schools of law, Sunnis rather like to simply consolidate and call themselves all Sunnis. Theâ religious conten t of Islam, the Qur'anâ was accumulated by Muhammad’s nearest buddies and viewed as bona fide my all Muslims. There are numerous parts of day by day life, anyway that are not referenced in the Qur’an however they were watched and gone down through ages. These oral record are called hadith. Sunnis respect just certain assortments of hadith to be credible and those are accumulated by six explicit recorders named Bukhari, Muslim, Nasa’ii, Dawud, Tirmidhi, and Majah.The history of the Sunniâ€Shia strife starts in theâ splitâ that happened when Muhammad died in the 632 which prompted a debate overâ who ought to succeed him asâ caliphâ of the Islamic people group. This prompted the skirmish of Siffin. For quite a while, Sunni Islam was separated from Shi'i Islam by its adherence to the Caliph as the pioneer of the Muslims. Be that as it may, Sunni and Shi'i Islam are the equivalent in that they share significant showed standards: the completeness of God, the confidence in the disclosures of Muhammad, and the faith in restoration on the Day of Judgment.Even however the fundamental split in Islamic practice is among Sunni and Shi'a Muslims, there are a few differences inside the Sunni people group. Practically like how Americans have various perspectives, there are some liberal and increasingly common developments in Sunni Islam that state that Shari'a is deciphered on an individual premise, and that dismiss anyâ fatwaâ or strict order by strict Muslim position figures. There are additionally a few developments in Sunni Islam, which dismiss and now and again abuse liberal Muslims for endeavoring to bargain certain Muslim conventions.

How to structure an essay

How to structure an essay How to structure an essay This guide is for anyone looking to vastly improve their essay writing skills through better knowledge what is meant by good 'essay structure'. Essay writing is a key component to academic success at every level. It is, essentially, the way in which people within the academic community communicate with each other. Thus, there are fundamental ways in which academics structure their work and formal ways of communicating what they have to say. Writing essays is not simply a hoop for students to jump through. The vast majority of instructors and professors also write essays at a professional level, and they do not ask of their students anything less than the standard that is asked of them. Where too many students go wrong in writing their essays is in either failing to plan ahead (not giving sufficient, care, thought, or time to the process) or in not understanding the expectations of essay writing. Of these expectations, appropriate and effective essay structure is critical. Students often lose valuable marks by failing to structure their essays clearly and concisely to make the best of their ideas. So how do you structure academic writing? What is the best essay structure format? First, consider what an essay is. What is it supposed to do? At its core an essay is simply an argument. Now, by argument we don’t mean a slanging match between two angry people. Rather, we are talking about a formal argument. An idea or a claim, which is supported by logic and/or evidence. Imagine the following scenario: you feel the time has come to approach your boss about getting a raise at work. Imagine yourself walking into your supervisor’s office and requesting that raise. Almost automatically, your mind formulates a rhetorical structure. There are effective and ineffective ways of asking of making such a request. The effective strategy will have a logic and an order. You will firstly claim that you deserve a raise. And you will give evidence to support why you deserve that raise. For example: you are a hard worker, you are never late, you have the admiration and respect of your colleagues, you have been offered another position elsewhere and you want the pay matched. And so on. And you would probably wrap up your discussion with an overview of of why giving you more money is important. And that is fundamentally an essay. Every good essay has three basic parts: an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. This simple guide will show you how to perfect your essay structure by clearly introducing and concluding your argument, and laying out your paragraphs coherently in between. Your essay writing can be dramatically improved overnight simply by using the correct essay structure, as explained below. Where the essay starts When you are writing an essay, every sentence and every paragraph is important. But there is something extra important about introductions. Just like going out on a date for the first time, you want the introduction to be just right, almost perfect. You want to put your best self forward and create a great first impression. You should already know this, but most professors and instructors will start grading your work in their head as soon as they begin reading it. They will be sorting your essay, maybe not in terms of a grade, but most definitely in terms of strong/weak, interesting/dull, or effective/ineffective. And most will have some notion of where your essay falls on that scale before they even finish the introduction. It will be the rarest of markers who withholds judgement until the end. The introduction is something you absolutely must start strong. Always develop an introduction that clearly sets out the aims of what you are about to write and, if applicable, refers to the subject under investigation. State what the essay will try to achieve and briefly mention some of the main points you will consider. The idea is to give the marker an overview of your argument, to show that your thought process is logical and coherent and that you have carefully thought the question through. Don’t try to go into any of your key points in depth in your introduction â€" they will each be covered by a full paragraph later on. If the question is an ‘either or’ or a ‘how far do you agree’ question, it is useful to set out both sides of the argument briefly in the introduction in preparation for exploring the two sides later in the essay. Think of your introduction as a thumbnail picture of the whole essay. Anyone, but especially the marker, should know the essay subject and how you intend to prove or disprove it, just from having read just the introduction. Take the following example: You have been given this assignment: The main purpose of Gothic fiction is to break normal moral and social codes. Discuss. A strong introduction should read something like this: It is certainly true that many works of Gothic fiction manifest the transgression of normal moral and social codes as their major theme. Their emphasis on female sexuality, their breaking of the boundaries between life and death and their shocking displays of immoral religious characters would all suggest that this is indeed the case. However, it is also important to consider other major aspects of the genre that might be considered equally important in purpose, such as its fascination with the supernatural, its portrayal of artificial humanity and its satirical social attacks. This essay will explore these conflicting purposes with reference to several different Gothic texts to discover what might be best described as the ‘main’ purpose of the genre. Reread that paragraph. Does it tell you what the topic of the essay is? What the point is? What the essay plans to do? Now, without reading think about just the size of that paragraph. If a marker were to see an introduction that were any less than that they would automatically know, without even reading a word, that the topic was not going to be well introduced. That is not to suggest you simply fill up the paragraph, but that a certain amount of information in the introduction is expected. It is worth pointing out that in a much longer essay an introduction does not need to be limited to a single paragraph. Generally, however, it will be. The body of your essay The second part of the essay is the body. This is the longest part of the essay. In general, a short essay will have at least three full paragraphs; a long essay considerably more. Each paragraph is a point that you want to make that relates to the topic. So, going back to the ‘give me more money’ example from earlier, each reason you have for deserving a raise should be a separate paragraph, and that paragraph is an elaboration on that claim. Paragraphs, like the essay overall, also have an expected structure. You should start a new paragraph for each major new idea within your essay, to clearly show the examiner the structure of your argument. Each paragraph should begin with a signpost sentence that sets out the main point you are going to explore in that section. It is sometimes helpful to refer back to the title of the essay in the signpost sentence, to remind the examiner of the relevance of your point. Essay writing becomes much easier for you too this way, as you remind yourself exactly what you are focusing on each step of the way. Here's a signpost sentence example: One important way in which Gothic fiction transgresses normal moral and social codes is in its portrayal of the female heroine. Further sentences in this paragraph would then go on to expand and back up your point in greater detail and with relevant examples. The paragraph should not contain any sentences that are not directly related to the issue set out in the signpost sentence. So you are writing an essay that clearly separates its ideas into structured sections. Going back to the wage-raise example: in the middle of talking about how punctual you are, would you start talking about how you are a good colleague, then about that client you impressed, and then talk about your punctuality again? Of course not. The same rules apply: each paragraph deals with one idea, one subject. The end of your essay The last section of your essay is the conclusion. In general, this will also be a single paragraph in shorter essays, but can go on to two or three for slightly longer discussions. Every well-structured essay ends with a conclusion. Its purpose is to summarise the main points of your argument and, if appropriate, to draw a final decision or judgement about the issues you have been discussing. Sometimes, conclusions attempt to connect the essay to broader issues or areas of further study. It is important not to introduce any new ideas in the conclusion â€" it is simply a reminder of what your essay has already covered. It may be useful again to refer back to the title in the conclusion to make it very clear to the examiner that you have thoroughly answered the question at hand. Make sure you remind them of your argument by very concisely touching on each key point. Here an example of an essay conclusion: Overall, whilst it is certainly true that the characters, plots and settings of Gothic fiction seem firmly intended to break normal moral and social codes, the great incidence within the genre of the depiction of the supernatural, and in particular its insistent reference to social injustice and hypocrisy might suggest that in fact its main purpose was the criticism and reform of society. But where do I start??? Now you should have a solid grasp of a typical essay structure, but might not know how to actually begin structuring your essay. Everyone works differently. Some people have no trouble thinking everything out in their head, or putting together an outline, and starting with the introduction and finishing with the conclusion. If you are not confident, however, we suggest writing from the inside out and doing the body paragraphs first. Since each body paragraph is a main idea, then once you know what your main ideas are, these should come fairly easily. Then the introduction and conclusion after that. If you're really struggling - or just curious - you can also look into the Essay Writing Service from ourselves here at Oxbridge Essays. We can put together a comprehensive essay plan for you, which maps out your essay and outlines the key points in advance, and in turn makes the writing process much easier. One final thought to remember: good essays are not written, they are rewritten. Always go over your first draft and look for ways to improve it before handing it in. You may also like... Essay exams: how to answer To what extent How to write a masters essay Great essay writing in 8 steps essay helpessay structureessay tipswriting a good essaywriting tips

Why Do Men Commit Crime So Much Recorded Crime - 939 Words

The purpose of this assignment will be to explain and understand why women don’t commit 50% of recorded crime and why men commit crime so much recorded crime. Also, why corporate companies are more likely to get away with crime more than conventional crimes. This essay will look at theories of gender crime and explain why male/females commit specific crimes. As well as the economic factor of geographical crime and poverty. The Home office statistics will be used to explain the difference between gender criminal activities and draw upon penal statistics. The word gender is often used to reflect sex and the distinction between sex, and biologically refers to the differences between sexes are socially constructed. Sociologist believe that gender have different social roles, identities and expectations which are encapsulated in construction of masculinity and femininity which transcend biologically to determine characteristics. For example, to be a man, husband, father or woman, w ife or mother.. The penal system in England and Wales are overflowing with men whilst only 5% of women are incarcerated, and were serving 12 months or less, whilst men made up for 95% of the rest of the population in prison. Females that commit crime was seen as invisible to society, as well as crimes of corporate crime. Women have a very different criminal conduct then men; women have the reduced rates for violent crimes like, homicide, serious violence and professional crimes. The majority of womenShow MoreRelatedThe Gender Differences in Particular Types of Crime Essay examples1198 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences in particular types of crime. I intend to do this by using various books and the Internet to briefly explore burglary, prostitution and crime related to a violent nature. I also wish to include any graphs or statistics I may find of interest and relevance to this essay. 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While this may be true in part, there have been many studies written since which differ significantly. Conversely, there are also studies that are at least in part, if not wholly in line with his findings. WhetherRead MoreEssay on Understanding Research Methods1574 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Women in the Boardroom: Symbols and Substance?† .This paper proposes if women and minorities add a valuable new perspective that results in an enhanced corporate performance. The second is called â€Å"Knife crime statistics†. This paper summarises the available statistics that relate to knife crime. To achieve a good grade, I have been ask to complete five different tasks that consist in: identify and discuss the use of the seven different methods, the strengths and weakness of three of them, writeRead MoreWrongful Conviction And Wrongful Convictions1704 Words   |  7 Pagestheir way across the courts around the United States. 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A Brief Note On International Logistics Inc. - 2186 Words

International Logistics Inc. Assessment Ashley Ellenberger MGT 370 International Supply Chain Management Dr. Irina Weisblat June 26, 2016 Introduction Working for International Logistics Inc. and being such an integral part of the growth of this company has been a real honor. Looking towards the future of International Logistics Inc. it is important to focus the company’s attention towards new international ventures in order to keep up with globalization. Working as the international logistics manager it is important to look at the pros and cons of possible export countries that would be most beneficial to the United States and International Logistics Inc. The need for thorough research of the possible country and market is†¦show more content†¦Also, the country of Malaysia has grown tremendously in manufacturing and boasts itself as a wonderful tourist destination the technology aspect is not a strong suit. While the tourism aspect is a strong suit for Malaysia they have been faced with various struggles regarding increased globalization and its effects on the rainforests and other environmental factor s. Unfortunately, along with any other country there are varying levels of trade barriers and regulations that companies must address when doing business. Exporting to the Southeast Asian and Malaysian markets will take time and invaluable research to get the job done right. Some major benefits to International Logistics Inc. are the fact that Malaysia is willing and ready to eliminate import taxes on 100% of United States high tech instruments exports immediately allowing International Logistics Inc. to keep pricing competitive and establish themselves in other nations. On a more positive note the use of high tech equipment could be beneficial to Malaysia and International Logistics Inc. in terms of the varying types of equipment such as environmental monitoring equipment, meters, and other precision measuring equipment that would allow Malaysia to keep a closer eye on its beautiful natural resources and environment. Another area that may be a disadvantage for International Logisti cs Inc. and the fact that Malaysia is not part of the World Trade Organization and

Sociology of Sport Film Review Free Essays

Bend it like beckham is based on Jess, a 17 year old British born, Sikh girl who has an undying passion for football, her favourite player is David Beckham and he is exactly who jess wants to be. But jess’s parents have taken every effort to stay in touch with the families Indian heritage. Jess’ father and mother are after their daughter to go to law school, learn to cook a traditional Indian dinner, and settle down with a nice Indian boy — the latter of which is high on the agenda of her older sister Pinky, who is soon to wed her long-time beau Teetu. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology of Sport Film Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, her family is unaware that Jess has a secret passion ,football. Her parents don’t know that in her spare time she likes to play a friendly game in the park with some of the boys in the neighbourhood. One day, while Jess and her pals kick the ball around, she meets Jules, who is quite impressed with Jess’ skills. Jules plays with a local semi-pro women’s football team, the Hounslow Harriers, and she thinks Jess has what it takes to make the team. Jess knows that her parents would never approve of their daughter playing football, so she doesn’t tell them, and starts spinning an increasingly complex series of lies as she tries to keep up a double life as a student and a footballer. Jess soon discovers a number of her new friends have their own problems to overcome; Jules dreams of playing pro ball in America, but has to deal with her stubborn and disapproving mother, while Joe, Hounslow’s Irish coach, still struggles with the disappointment of a career as a professional athlete which was dashed by a knee injury. Throughout Bend it like Beckham, clear sociological factors all appear, from stereotypical ideologies through to race, class and gender, bend it like Beckham is a enjoyable, funny film that can be used to explain more clearly how ideologies, identity, power and social influences all have a part to play in everyone’s lives. Ideologies are beliefs and ideas that people form to give meaning to their life experiences and make sense of the world, there are different types of ideologies, including class, race and gender ideologies and these ideologies form identities. Identity is about belonging, about what you have in common with some people and what differentiates you from others. At its most basic it gives you a sense of personal location, the stable core to your individuality. But it is also about your social relationships, your complex involvement with others’ (Weeks 1990 p. 88 cited in Rutherford 1990 p. 88) Class ideologies are the beliefs that people have to understand economic inequalities, identify them in terms of their class position and evaluate the manner in which economic inequalities are and how they should be integrated into the organization of social worlds. Class ideology is not an as important factor in the movie as the other forms of ideology but it picked up upon slightly when the father mentions that they are not rich, also the environment in which the movie is filmed portrayed her family as working class, however she is planning to go to university and wins a scholarship at the end so her education is pretty good. Racial ideology is one of the main ideologies depicted in the movie, it is a set of ideas and beliefs that people use to give meaning to skin colour and to evaluate people in terms of racial classifications. Racial ideologies vary around the world, but they are powerful when people use them to classify humans into racial categories. In the film, jess is Sikh, this means the family generally follow strict cultural life preferences due to their religion and these preferences cause restrictions in jess’s freedom, she shouldn’t even show as much skin as a football kit reveals in general, let alone play football itself, with girls from other cultural backgrounds, she is seen as disgracing the family for her participation. Racism is touched upon in a scene during which she retaliates to a tackle and receives a red card, only to find out that she was called a ‘paki’. The coach explains to her that he also received discrimination due to him being Irish. This informs us of the constraints of racial barriers still produced now, even in today’s multi-cultural society. Another factor in the movie is that Jess and Joe ( the Irish coach) end up falling for each other which is another racial barrier that is not regularly crossed due more to the beliefs and culture of jess and her families religion. Gender ideology is also a set of ideas and beliefs but that masculinity, femininity, and male-female relationships. It is the Basis for defining what it means to be a man or a woman, evaluating and judging people and relationships and determining what is natural and moral related to gender. The main issue relating the gender ideologies in this film relates to the race ideology and that is that she opposes the obvious stereotype of an Indian woman, An Indian woman’s identity is created by the tradition’s of an Indian woman, for example according to ideologies her job is to cook and look after the house and children. however her interest is not a family and learning how to cook, but to become a professional female footballer and attend university to study for a degree. By Jess opposing this gender ideology, she is creating her own identity as an Indian woman footballer, trying to keep her femininity by falling for the Irish coach, sticking to her Indian traditions by wearing the clothes and learning to cook, however she does this all and still able to play football up to a scholarship standard, doing the best job to define her own identity. She also defies the stereotypical footballer, which for a start, is male, and is rarely Indian, in English society anyway. , emphasising on her identity as a woman footballer, not a man. Jess opposes her parents and other groups of people with the same traditions and beliefs, who feel that women shouldn’t play football, and this is a clear example of femininity, also during a scene where jess is involved in a match, the same is being watched by 4 of jess’ male friends who shout sexist remarks at the team members, not in a malicious way but this still shows the males idea of women as an object, during this scene, jess’s secret gay friend ( who is also Indian and therefore causes another constraint in that omosexuality is frowned upon more than it is in other cultures) asks the boys, which are also his friends, as to why they can’t see the woman as footballers, and they all just laugh, which emphasises peoples stereotypical thoughts of women. In the film they also talk about the opinion that even Indian boys should not play football, so for a female Sikh to play is deemed as even worse, Jess is completely contradicting two ideologies, her ge nder ideology, and her race ideology. But this way creating her own identity, its is a struggle for Jess to fight all the ideologies present to achieve her goal. Ideologies of women in sport mean that there are several gender barriers to overcome people still feel that sport is male dominant and there are certain sports that are for men, and certain sports that are for women, and bend it like Beckham contradicts this belief. Power is also noticeable in the movie and there are different power hierarchies, the football coach is male, so still portrays the male dominance in the sport as he is seem as the leader and the team of females still have to do as he says. Also the parents have different levels of parent, jess’s mother seems to have influence over the father, and they both have influence over their daughter. Jess feels that she is being constrained and sees the football team as a social structure; Identity is formed in the relationships between ‘social structures’ and an individual ‘subjectivity’ (Hughson et al 2005 p. 110). She feels she can use this social structure to assert her agency; Jess knows that sporting achievement is a sign of social mobility, therefore she knows that her constraints could decrease in society if she can achieve high in a football career, barriers would decline and she would exceed expectation due to the stereotypes she is grouped in and op portunities in life would come more easily. So Jess is taking her individualism as a Sikh female to create a relationship with a social structure, which is the football club. and she can achieve all this by the opportunity to play football. The film shows she achieving this to her best of her ability as she gets scouted and wins a scholarship to a top university to play football, where she can individually change peoples perception of Indian woman, and also influence other Indian females to start playing football. The one key moment in the movie that I felt best exhibits all the main sociological factors of identity, ideology and power comes on 6 minutes into the movie, jess is walking through the local park when her male friend sees her and asks her to join in, as soon as she starts playing to can see power and gender ideologies already, the group of men that she is playing have there tops off for a start, and being able to take there tops off to play football shows male dominance and masculinity, which shows power is present as the men believe they are in charge because they are male. Also they say sexist comments to jess about her football capabilities as a female for example, one of the men say â€Å" can you chest it like Beckham, you know, give it sum bounce (emphasising on her chest) , it wasn’t malicious as they were all friends but it was another means so showing the gender ideology and male dominance, as well as gender discrimination. The movie continues and jess gets hold of the ball and takes it round all the boys before scoring, unknowingly being watched by Jules, her soon to be football partner and best friend. Jules runs off and Jess continues to play football. The movie then continues into Jess’s room where she talks to her poster of David beckham, she says â€Å"its not fair that the boys never have to come home and help† what she is saying is that because of her families religion, there are rules that must abided to and one of them is that the women are the ones in the home, for cooking and cleaning and the boys are the ones who work.. This is one of the main barriers to participation she has, her ethnicity means she is going against her families beliefs by playing football. She also asks the question, of if she had an arranged marriage, would they let her play football? This emphasises on the constraint that her ethnicity causes for her participation in the sport. Her father then walks in the room and starts to moan about all the posters of ‘a bald man’ on her wall, the opposite of how a man should look like according to her religion. The clip carries on into the engagement party located at her house, and by the large amount of people in the house, which is small as it is, this can be looked upon as defining her class ideology of a working class family, as they may not be able to afford a bigger area of the night. Now jess is dressed in all her traditional Indian clothing, a big contrast to her shorts and Manchester united top she wore down the park. Jess is handing out a plate of food and an old lady, says to her that it will be her turn soon to get married and does she want a proper Sikh with a full bear and a turban, the direct opposite to David beckham, this links to race ideology as saying that their religion has a typical man and that her marriage and Sikh life in evitable, it also just hints on the barriers she must overcome to achieve her dream, she doesn’t want the traditional normal life of a female Sikh, she wants to be a professional footballer. This key moment continues but now the scene is set back at the park, again she is playing football with the same group of topless men, whereas three girls who know jess, are watching on, checking out the men. Jess makes this a stark contradiction to the stereotypical scenario because even though she is female, she is playing football, in her football shirt, with the lads, rather than sit with the girls. She contradicts her own stereotype by playing football, she is not the Sikh girl everyone wants her to be. Jess finds it easier to fit in with the girls by knowing the boys, he is very much a tomboy who would rather be out getting muddy than buying new clothes. Again contradicting her own gender ideology, she also comes across as gay to many of the Sikhs because of her unorthodox activities. While playing football Jules goes over to jess, and in front of the lads asks her if she plays for any team, immediately afterwards one of the males says â€Å" yer like who, Southport united sari squad† this is a dig at her ethnicity not at her gender or sex, so this explains my point that she has to overcome two main barriers that are her gender and her ethnicity, both ideologies constrain her from participation, and also male dominance and masculinity also don’t help with her problem of her being a female footballer either and the power influence can be seen underlying the movie. This is where my key moment ended. In summary, I have learnt that social identities and ideologies are formed from sport societies, in today’s world, Groups and societies are characterised by shared values and conflicts of interest and sports forms are culturally produced, reproduced and/or transformed, sports forms are social constructions that change as power relations change and as narratives and discourses change. n relation to identity, ideology and power, Bend it like Beckham touches on several key sociological dimensions, it mainly focuses on how her cultural identity constraints her from participating in the sport she loves as her parents strict beliefs and traditions and they feel that she should be a proper Sikh and learn to cook Indian food, not play football. She should be focusing on becoming a lawyer according to her parents. She also has to deal with the fact that she is a woman and football is a male dominated game, therefore, for an Indian female to wanting to play football, she must overcome social barriers and constraints to achieve her goal, and the film is based on her attempt to achieve this. Sport is a very important influence in everyone’s social lives, it effects peoples participation, culture and social groups, is a reflection on peoples social life. How to cite Sociology of Sport Film Review, Essay examples

Education Reform free essay sample

Education Reform It is undeniably clear that we have serious problems with our education system. Talk to any teacher and you will hear the same complaints; overcrowded classrooms, lack of supplies and text books, unfairness of the grading system, discipline issues, drugs, underpaid teachers and the list goes on and on. The result; our children can’t read, spell or solve basic math problems without a calculator. Many students can not even find their own country on a map. In the midst of debates going on in many different levels, the big question is how can we fix these problems? The National Commission on Excellence in Education delivered a devastating assessment of American education in 1983. According to the commission’s findings; 23 million American adults were illiterate by the simplest tests of reading and writing. Almost 13 percent of all 17 year olds in the United States were functionally illiterate. Illiteracy among minority young was a scaring 40 percent. While this act has made little headway in reform, it has been a step towards the right direction. Even though students are receiving education, they still are not getting the adequate education in order to succeed. The government has been giving money to programs on the verge of reforming the education system. The federal government has implemented new ways in support against the fight wherein, better education can be achieved. The creation of charter schools is one way in the fight towards reform. Charter schools provide a way to encourage learning hrough smaller classes, teacher performance based pay to ensure quality education, and better materials. Sam Dillon in his article, No Child Left Behind Act, shows one step the government has taken towards reform. On Sept. 1 3, 2011 † in an important first step to improve a provision of the No Child law and in a rare display of bipartisanship † the House approved a bill supporting the expansion of charter schools, the initial part of a legislative package planned by Republicans to carry out a piecemeal rewrite of the law. The bill tweaks an existing federal grant program that rovides start-up money for new charter schools † current ly about $250 million† and adds some quality control provisions (Dillon 32). Since supplying federal monies to this type of schooling, charter schools are a valuable asset to school districts everywhere. A study conducted by Chester E. Finn, Jr. , in Charter Schools in Action, labels charter schools as a hybrid between public schools and the most highly prized features of private schools (for example: self-governing, able to hire whomever it likes, control over curriculum). These charter schools are available to all who wish to ttend, are paid for by tax dollars, and all actions are held accountable to state and local authorities for good performance as well as decent behavior. These alternative schools are authorized to run tor a specific period, usually about tive years, and are able to get their charter renewed, if successful, after the allotted time. Finn and his associates spent two years visiting sixty schools in fourteen states and assessing the accomplishments of each program (Finn 214). Students and parents like their charter schools. Three-fifths of the kids say their teachers are better. Half are more interested in their schoolwork. Three-fifths say the charter school is safer and has better discipline than the school their child would otherwise be attending. Four out of five plan to keep their child in the charter school as long as its available (Finn 216). Families and teachers are turning to charter schools for educational reasons (Finn 216). Factors stated by parents and teachers included smaller class size, the schools educational philosophy, committed parents, and better teachers (Finn 216). Implementing more money to charter schools has significantly improved academic erformance. The current Obama administration provides money to charter schools along with the implemented Voucher Program, where parents of children can receive financial support in order to open up the possibilities of better education else ware. The federal government is enacting better ways to support a crumbling educational system, although these proposals are not going to change the problem at hand overnight. There are other ways in order to help reform aside from providing money to schools in need. One of these ways was a simple suggestion made by Paul Goodman. In order to better help our education system; he suggests students take a break or a leave of absence from education after graduating high school. Paul Goodman proposed this strategy: an individual out of high school should have a requirement that he or she be required to wait a minimum of two years in order to attend a college or university. By doing so, you open up the students life to incorporate outside influences, such as life experience and a chance to greatly mature as an individual in the process. This break opens the mind to the Joys of learning again. Students in todays society are less often to further education out of creature of habit, as opposed to need. By eliminating the student to continue education right after high school and provide the student with real life experience, this gives the student a break from education and a choice later on to continue their education if they desire. The theory could be accomplished with a pilot program utilizing a half a dozen of prestigious schools. In a society of must do attitude, the sending of subliminal messages of hope by forcing education based on television commercials, equirements, and opportunities that higher education is a must in order to be successful, society sends the message by pushing students to succeed in education, otherwise they will not attribute to society. The theory which has benefit for those burnt out on education, also provides a window of opportunity for success in the future, giving the student the choice to further education or not. There is a twofold process required to help Jump start education for a 180 degree turnaround. This is by way of going to the root of the problem, parental responsibility or guidance. Some parents should be held accountable along with school districts in the success of our youth. California has passed a law where parents have the ability to conduct change in education. Using the new state law known as the parent trigger, organizers at an underpertorming school in Compton Ca. , where parents collected hundreds of signatures within a particular school district, were able to effect change, allowing the community to turn public schools into a charter school. By doing so students would spend more time in smaller classes with specific curriculum and a staff of new teachers. In essence, the law creates a parents union, which advocates say will provide powerful and needed counterweight to teachers unions and district bureaucracies. If 51 percent of parents in a persistently failing school sign a petition, they can force the school to change into a charter, close it entirely or replace the principal and teachers (Medina 4). Similar legislation has passed in Texas, Ohio and Connecticut and is being considered in nearly a dozen more states † but California, the earliest adopter, is furthest along. With opponents and skeptics arguing that parents lack the expertise o make important policy decisions better left to career educators, the Compton case is a prime example of how challenging it can be to create change (Medina 5). At the same time, government has encouraged or provided tools for parents to inflict change. The hard case to argue is we know students do not come with disciplinary problems, which contribute many issues within each individual student. In order to contribute to the success of students, parents must also be accountable for their childs actions. It is not always the case, in the state of economy plaguing our nation; arents are struggling to make ends meet or have no source of substantial income. The child is solely responsible for their own actions and there are laws in place to not only protect the student from receiving an adequate education, but holding the parents responsible to ensure that success. These laws although are not being enforced, are a result of law enforcement cutbacks, school district cut backs and the overwhelming of court cases. The school districts would enforce state and local law in conjunction with local authorities, by imposing fines for some parents failing to ensure their child is in chool and monitor their behavioral problems in school and at home. Doing so is a long fought battle, with most counties and school districts lacking the necessary funds to incorporate programs. Programs to help out of control youth, educate parents to become more responsible, instead of letting a child in the household do what they want with no guidance. It is totally understandable that some parents cannot be with their kid 2417, but school districts can implement programs and ways for parents needing help with their child, whether at school or at home. This could improve parental relationships while becoming more involved in their childs life. Whos to say its going to work if it is not tried. Educational reform is not only necessary in todays country, but for the overall survival of our economy and future. Education should be our main priority and should be embraced by all for the future of our educational system. No Child Left Behind act requires that test scores increase in every school every year, to meet the requirement that 100 percent of students reach proficiency by 2014. According to a ew research report, 31,737 of the 98,916 schools missed the laws testing goals in 2009, vastly more than any level of government can help to improve (Dillon 32)

Are We Experiencing a Climate Crisis free essay sample

Professor Berntsen English 360 10 October 2007 Are We Experiencing A Climate Crisis? The issue of global warming has been widely debated in our country the past few years. It is an important topic because it threatens the existence of the human race. Global warming, also known as the greenhouse effect, refers to the increase in the average temperature of the Earths near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation. This climate crisis is a huge environmental and ecological challenge that our planet in facing today. The consequences of ignoring this problem may result in a major catastrophe that could send our entire planet into a tailspin of epic destruction involving extreme weather, flooding, droughts, epidemics and killer heat waves beyond anything we have ever experienced or could imagine (Climate Crisis). However, through my research I have realized that there are some skeptics who do not think global warming is a threat people should be concerned about, and that this whole issue is over exaggerated, almost mythical. We will write a custom essay sample on Are We Experiencing a Climate Crisis? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although the following essay will consider the arguments of these skeptics, I will defend the claim that global warming is a real issue with serious consequences and that we as a society must intervene and take action. The fact that the earths atmosphere is gradually getting hotter every year is agreed upon by the majority of scientists in the field. The question is how and why are the temperatures rising? For starters, global warming is caused by carbon dioxide and other air pollution that is collecting in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the suns heat and causing the planet to warm up. In the United States, coal-burning power plants are the largest source of carbon dioxide pollution. These plants produce 2. 5 billion tons of carbon dioxide pollution every year. Second to coal-burning power plants are our automobiles. Our vehicles create more than 1. 5 billions tons of carbon dioxide annually (Gore). As carbon dioxide pollution increases rapidly, the earths average temperature is gradually rising. Although local temperatures fluctuate naturally, over the past fifty years the average global temperature has increased at the fastest rate in recorded history (Gore). To give an example of how hot it has been in recent years, ten of the hottest years on record have all occurred since 1990. In 2006, city after city witnessed all time heat temperatures. In that year alone the daily high temperature records were broken across American cities 2,300 times. During the time period from July 2005 to the end of June 2006, it was reported to be the hottest twelve month period in the history of temperature measurements in the United States (NRDC). Europe is also feeling the heat. In 2003, an unusual heat wave killed 35, 000 people. In India that same year, a heat wave claimed the lives of over 100,000 people (Gore). Is this sudden increase in heat just a natural climate change or is caused by us humans and the way we live? Some believe that the climate change is a completely natural occurrence and that human industrial activity has nothing to do with it. Dr. Rancourt, a senior environmentalist, claims that humans have thrived in every possible ecological niche on the planet, from deserts to tropical forests to the North Polar Regions, since well before present technological advances. These environments show mean temperature differences of as much as 50 C or more. Many of these environments also show day to night and seasonal differences of as much as 20-50 C. A sudden 0. -1 C increase in mean annual temperature (not spread over 100 years) would be imperceptible to any human and indeed could barely be detected using all of the methods of the modern scientific enterprise (Rancourt). In addition, whereas there is evidence of negative consequences to populations from sustained regional cooling (e. g. , Europe’s Little Ice Age, 1300-1850 AD) and whereas global ice ages (occurring every 40-100 thousan d years or so) clearly have significantly affected human populations, there is no known case of a sustained warming alone having negatively impacted an entire population. If it where not for the global greenhouse effect, the planet would on average be 33 C colder and inhabitable (Rancourt). People against the fight of global warming believe that humans have already adapted to dramatically different regional climates occurring in every corner of the planet and the alleged future global changes are very small compared to these existing variations. Dr. Rancourt says that There are more displaced refugees from wars and from economic aggression than there will ever be displaced inhabitants from rapid climate-induced habitat transformations. In both cases, the solution is to accommodate those loosing their homes and communities, not to attempt to control planetary processes and unpredictable events. Dr. Rancourts opinion will not sit well with the residence of Alaska, Siberia, Greenland or other countries who are currently experiencing the negative effects of global warming. Theses countries are currently witnessing the melting of permafrost. This frozen soil or permafrost has always been frozen since the beginning of time. Unfortunately the soil is gradually melting and thawing due to the increased temperatures. This is causing buildings to collapse, trees to grow improperly, and is affecting anything underground such as cemeteries and tunnels. Most importantly, the end result of this melting and thawing is that if the permafrost is thawed out completely, it will release and incredible amount of methane into the atmosphere that would result in a dramatic increase in global warming pollution. This is a scientific fact that has not been disputed. Also, Greenland is in danger from not only the melting of the permafrost but from glacial earthquakes as well. In 2006, Fifty cubic miles of ice melted off the mainland of this country due to these glacial earthquakes that are caused by the warming of the earth. Scientists had never discovered glacial earthquakes in Greenland until 1993, which shows you that the earth has never been this warm until recent years. These earthquakes are breaking the glaciers and melting the ice at a fast pace. From 1993 to 1999, the amount of glacial earthquakes doubled. In between the years of 1999 and 2005 the number doubled again. Experts say that if this rapid melting of Greenland continues, it will have a domino effect on the rest of the world. It will result in the sea level soaring to 20 feet or more world wide (Gore). If this is true, how can people like Dr. Rancourt say that global warming is not a serious threat? After researching this subject matter, I came to the conclusion that Dr. Rancourt’s statements showed be read with much doubt. Even though his position as environmentalist and status as a doctor is impressive, his findings and theory lacks quality evidence. He also fails to look at the situation as being a threat in the far future. In his calculations of rising temperatures, Dr. Rancourt does not take into consideration that this is a long term problem. He fails to look at the big picture of this climate crisis. For example, he states that a sudden 0. 5-1 C increase in mean annual temperature would be imperceptible to any human and indeed could barely be detected using all of the methods of the modern scientific enterprise†. The problem with this evidence is that these calculations are not spread over a lengthy time period. His findings suggest that the average temperature will increase . 5 C annually. This means in the year 3000, temperatures would reach anywhere from 50 to 100 C over the current average global temperature. In my opinion the doctor’s findings are not clear and are highly debatable. On the other hand, Al Gore’s views on this subject matter are backed up with evidence that was uncovered by a majority of the experts who study this issue. Unlike Dr. Rancourt who’s theory is supported by a minority of the scientist in the field. Also, Gore’s vision takes into account that this climate crisis is a problem now and will be even a greater problem in 50 fifty years. He presents an extensive amount of factual evidence to support his view. Countries like Greenland are not the only places experiencing the effects of this climate crisis. In some parts of the world, bad weather in the form of strong hurricanes, extreme flooding, and longer droughts have reached record numbers.

Cyrus McCormick, Inventor of the Mechanical Reaper

Cyrus McCormick, Inventor of the Mechanical Reaper Cyrus McCormick (February 15, 1809–May 13,  1884), a Virginia blacksmith, invented the mechanical reaper  in 1831. Essentially a horse-drawn machine that harvested wheat, it was one of the most important inventions in the history of farm innovation. The reaper, which one observer  likened to a cross between a wheelbarrow and a chariot, was capable of  cutting six acres of oats in one afternoon, the equivalent of 12 men working with scythes. Fast Facts: Cyrus McCormick Known For: Invented the mechanical reaperKnown As: The Father of Modern AgricultureBorn: February 15, 1809 in Rockbridge County,  VirginiaParents: Robert McCormick, Mary Ann HallDied: May 13, 1884 in Chicago, IllinoisSpouse: Nancy Nettie FowlerChildren: Cyrus McCormick Jr., Harold Fowler McCormickNotable Quote: Indomitable perseverance in a business, properly understood, always ensures ultimate success. Early Life McCormick was born in 1809 in Rockbridge County, Virginia, to Robert McCormick and Mary Ann Hall McCormick, who had migrated from Great Britain. He was the eldest of eight children in a family that was influential in the area. His father was a farmer but also a blacksmith and an inventor. Young McCormick had little formal education, spending his time instead in his fathers workshop. His father held patents for inventing such farm machinery as a clover huller, a blacksmith’s bellows, a hydraulic power machine, and other labor-saving devices for the farm, but after more than 20 years he had failed to come up with a workable, horse-drawn mechanical reaping machine. Cyrus decided to take up the challenge. Seeds of the Reaper McCormicks invention would make him prosperous and famous, but he was a religious young man who believed his mission was to help feed the world. For farmers in the early 19th century, harvesting required a large number of laborers. He set out to reduce the number of hands needed for the harvest. He  drew on the work of many other people in developing the reaper, including that of his father and Jo Anderson, one of his fathers slaves, but he ended up basing his work on principles entirely different from those employed by Robert McCormick. After 18 months, he came up with a working model. His machine had a vibrating cutting blade, a reel to pull the grain within reach of the blade, and a platform to catch the falling grain. He had succeeded, and he was only 22. The first version was rough- it made such a clatter that slaves were assigned to walk with the frightened horses to keep them calm- but it clearly worked. He received a patent for his invention in 1834. Ironically, after he had received the patent, McCormick set aside his invention to focus on his familys iron foundry, which failed in the wake of the bank panic of 1837 and left the family deeply in debt. So he returned to his reaper, setting up production in a shop next to his fathers house and focusing on improvements. He finally sold his first machine in 1840 or 1841, and business slowly took off. Moves to Chicago A visit to the Midwest convinced McCormick that the future of his reaper was in that sprawling, fertile land instead of the rocky soil in the East.  Following more improvements, he and his brother Leander opened a factory in Chicago in 1847 and sold 800 machines that first year. The new venture, the McCormick Harvesting Machine Co., eventually became the largest farm equipment manufacturing firm in the country. In 1851, McCormick gained international fame when his reaper won the Gold Medal at the landmark Great Exposition in Londons Crystal Palace. He became a leading public figure and remained active in Presbyterian causes as well as Democratic politics. In 1871, the  Great Chicago Fire  destroyed McCormicks company, but the family rebuilt it and McCormick continued to innovate. In 1872, he produced a reaper that  automatically bound the bundles with wire. Eight years later, he came out with a binder that, using a knotting device invented by Wisconsin pastor John F. Appleby, bound the handles with twine.  Despite fierce competition and legal battles over patents, the company continued to prosper. Death and Tragedy McCormick died in 1884, and his eldest son, Cyrus Jr., took over as president at only 25 years old. Two years later, though, the business was marked by tragedy. A workers strike in 1886 that involved the McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. eventually turned into one of the worst labor-related riots in American history. By the time the Haymarket Riot ended, seven policemen and four civilians were dead. Charges were brought against eight reputed anarchists: Seven were sentenced to death; one committed suicide in prison, four were hanged, and the sentences of two were commuted to life in prison. Cyrus McCormick Jr. continued as president of the company until 1902, when J.P. Morgan bought it, along with five others, to form the International Harvester Co. Legacy Cyrus McCormick is remembered as â€Å"The Father of Modern Agriculture because he  made it possible for farmers to expand their small, personal farms into much larger operations. His reaping machine brought an end to hours of tedious fieldwork and encouraged the invention and manufacture of other labor-saving  farm implements and machinery. McCormick and his competitors continued to improve their products, leading to such innovations as self-raking reapers, with a continually moving canvas belt that delivered the cut grain to two men riding on the end of the platform, who bundled it.   The reaper was eventually replaced by the self-propelled combine, operated by one man, which cuts, gathers, threshes, and sacks the grain mechanically. But the original reaper was the first step in a transition from hand labor to the mechanized farming of today. It brought about an industrial revolution, as well as a vast change in agriculture. Sources Cyrus McCormick. InventionWare.com.McCormick, Cyrus Hall. American National Biography.Cyrus McCormick: American Industrialist and Inventor. Encylopedia Brittanica.Nancy Fowler McCormick. Revolvy.Cyrus McCormick Biography. TheFamousPeople.com.

RectorSeal Corporation in Japan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

RectorSeal Corporation in Japan - Research Paper Example Feasibility study can be defined as a process which enables the company to assess that the project which they are planning to undertake is feasible or not. It includes identifying the problems, opportunities and situations and assesses the benefits as well as the cost involved in the projects. Feasibility study also recommends on the various areas which should be taken care before taking any decision. In this project a feasibility study has been done on the various aspects of the probable expansion of the company in Japan. To analyze whether the company should expand in Japan various parameters have been analyzed. Firstly the history of the probable host company that is Japan’s history in industrial sector have been analyzes. Secondly the political policies regarding the industry have also been analyzed. The industrial sector is influenced by the political changes therefore a study has been made on the political scenario. Along with the political system, the legal, economic an d social system of Japan has also been analyzed. The financial dimension that is the banking, currency, accounting policies and foreign trade policies which can influence the company operating in Japan has also been analyzed. ... The financial dimension that is the banking, currency, accounting policies and foreign trade policies which can influence the company operating in Japan has also been analyzed. Next the cultural aspect of Japan has been analyzed using Hofstede’s model. To suggest on the marketing strategies to be practiced there a thorough study has been made on the present marketing strategies followed in Japan. The human resource dimension including the hiring, training, advancement, compensation and retention practices which are followed in Japan have been made. Apart from the marketing, human resource, financial dimensions environmental scanning a study has been made on the organizational structure of the multinational companies in Japan. After analyzing all the aspects recommendations have been made on the strategies which should be adopted by the RectorSeal Corporation to expand in Japan. 2. Brief overview of the company In this paper, the primary aim is to develop a sustainable internat ional expansion strategy for RectorSeal Corporation. The company aims to enter into the Japanese market by analyzing the viability of the host country. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the international factors of the company to identify its strength for market expansion. RectorSeal Corporation is U.S,-based company privately owned company engaged in the manufacturing multiple chemical used for industrial production. It has been operating in U.S. chemical market since more than 74 years. It was founded in 1937 and has gained a rapid growth acquiring a leading position in the market. In is domestic based company and having its portioning within the national boundaries. The headquarters is situated in the city of Houston, Texas (RectorSeal, 2008). The

Moral Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Moral Philosophy - Essay Example In history, one can view applied ethics through the decisions of governments as they were influenced due to the religious mores of their time. On a more general level, which deals with history—the Ottoman Empire, which used to span the globe—effected the territories it owned with its prevailing religion. Constantinople, at the end of his life, professed the Christian faith. However, the name of the city Constantinople was later changed to Istanbul after the geopolitically-defined, mainly Muslim, country of Turkey came into prominence. Applied ethics can be seen all over the world, not to mention a lack of application of ethics in world history. For example, when Hernan Cortes and his men came to Mexico, the land of the Aztecs—to hoard gold and other valuables—the Aztecs thought this was fulfilling a prophecy that their great leader would come from far away. Instead of admitting that Cortes was not the leader he was who they thought, Cortes took advantage o f the fact that the Aztecs thought he was a holy figure, and consequentially took the wealth of the Aztecs, his men raping their women and killing a lot of people, including roasting the Aztec leader Cuauhtemoc over a fire pit and pouring boiling oil over his feet. The point is, types of domination like this went on all over the world. Christopher Columbus never indeed â€Å"found† the New World, but he found plenty of island natives in the Caribbean whose peaceful lives he ruined by the ruthless plundering of himself and his men. There is evidence of all of these types of cruel inhumanity present in all of history—and it is not just limited to the Europeans, although they were a major cause for discontent the world over. If one thinks about it, in world history—the British Empire once spanned a majority of the globe. The French and the Dutch also had colonialized several countries in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Due to these white peoples taking over indigen ous nations’ peoples and forcing their values, religion, language, and culture upon them—they were forced to either change or die. So, these people adapted. More about evolution and ethics will also be discussed in the last section of this piece. III. MoralityMorality became politically-correct (or ‘PC') after the civil rights movement in the ‘60s in the United States, because it meant that any kind of oppressed people (not just Blacks) could basically rise up and say that they weren't going to take being discriminated against anymore. Of course, this has led to postmodernist thinking, that everyone is equal and everyone's perspective has to be right because no one is wrong; we all worship the same God even though some of us may not call God God, nor does everyone

Failure to plan is planning to fail

Failure to plan is planning to fail A very archaic saying often quoted in business is: Failure to plan is planning to fail. This may sound simplistic, but people who are resolute about being prosperous and successful, especially traders, they ought to memorize this saying by heart. If one chooses to consult any trader making money consistently, he will surely explain that, one only has only two choices, either to follow a well written plan or risk the likelihood of inevitable failure. An investment plan or written trading can be an additional benefit, as it makes you a part of the minority, which has successfully evaded a major road block, if not guaranteeing absolute success. The use of inefficient methods may delay the probability of your success, but not without skirting you in the right direction to chalk out and set up your own course of work The key to understanding this is carefully studying the various processes involved, how they work and also how to make them work in the most economical manner. The Key To Avoid Disaster The first major lesson to inculcate is to treat trading like a business only to succeed, because that is what it is. Doing things such as opening brokerage accounts, reading trade books, etc. is not exactly the right business idea, on the contrary being the disastrous recipe. According to John Novak, who is an experienced developer and trader of the T3 Fibs Pro-Trader Program, following a well-written trading program is essential to avoid failure in the market scenario. He and his wife, who is his business associate in a software systems company, run trading chat-rooms to help educate traders in learning how to utilize their software and moreover, learning the all-important art of trade. Concisely, their software aids in identifying the Fibonacci areas in terms of resistance and support, in different time frames and provides the traders important data with respect to the specific areas, from which they may enter or exit the market. The trader should acquire an important knowledge of as to when the market may have a tendency to reverse or pause, so that he/she may take the necessary action to avoid it. Novak also states that even for the best of trading programs, consequent analysis and market data, the odds leading to a consistent range of success varies from bleak to nil with the absence of a written plan. He states that his website offers good examples of plans for trading, while making the market information useful to both, clients and non clients alike. He also advises that a good trade plan must evolve and changes must be bought about eventually like in a market, improving gradually with time. A plan shouldnt be altered while trading but should be surely revised after the closing of the market as it may have been changed with the market conditions. It is necessary for each trader to make his or her own plan, while leaving a niche for personal flair and goals, as copying another trader does not leave the mark of a good trader. How to Develop the Master Plan? The essential 10 components which are utmost necessary for every plan are: 1. Assessment of skill The questions that arise include whether-The person is ready to indulge in trading? Do they have confidence about whether it will work out or not? Do they follow the various signals without even an inch of hesitation? If the answer to the above questions is no, one is advised to read the book by Mark Douglas, about zone trading and especially going through the trade exercises in it. Then one can gain sufficient knowledge about thinking in terms of probabilities and more importantly, the give or take battle ensuing in trading. The real pro traders are always able to envisage the market conditions and make money from those who lose money through their lack of planning.

Ge 1 Fw Format

GE 1 Fieldwork # 2 Pacing and Compass Traverse Objectives: 1. To be able to quickly estimate distances by means of pacing method. 2. To be able to determine directions by means of the magnetic compass. Instruments: Tape, Markers, Range Poles and Pocket Magnetic Compass Procedure: 1. Consider the polygon bounded by the sidewalks around Melchor Hall engineering building. Determine the lengths of the engineering block bounding lines by casually walking at the center of the pavement starting from any of its corners, going in a clockwise direction, until you reach the starting point.Take note of the number of paces that you make for each line. Also, determine their lengths using tape. 2. Determine the magnetic direction of the lines using the magnetic compass. The forward and back bearings must be determined for each line. 3. Make a sketch of the compass traverse indicating the perimeter distances and the direction of lines. Table 2 below indicates the required observed bearings (directio ns) and taped distances. Table2.Observed and Adjusted Bearings of the Compass Traverse OBSERVED BEARINGS LINE TAPED DISTANCE FORWARD BACK 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-1 4. Compute the relative precision of the pacing method by comparing the perimeter distance estimated by pacing and the perimeter distance determined by taping. Relative Precision (RP) = [Taped Distance (TP) – Paced Distance (PD)]/Taped Distance (TP). Show all necessary computations. The table indicating discrepancy and relative precision is shown in Table 3 below. Table3.Discrepancy and Relative Precision TAPED DISCREPANCY RELATIVE LINE NO. OF PACES PACED DISTANCE DISTANCE (PD-TD) PRECISION 1-2 1 2-3 3-4 4-1 = _____ = ______ 5. Write an individual typed report of this fieldwork in A4 size bond papers. Present properly the required results of the followed procedures, brief discussion of the results and a conclusion. Do not forger to mention your pace factor. 6. Submit individual report on or before 5:00 PM of July 12, 2012. L ate submissions have corresponding penalties. 2 1K

University of Newcastle

1)What segmentation base has Red Bull adopted to target consumers? How should Red Bull further segment the market in the future? When marketers begin instigate their strategy they will begin by selecting a marketing base at which they will aim their strategy. The Bases can be broken into four segments on the basis of two criteria: 1- Facts, which can be determined by a single objective or cognitions that are more abstract 2-Consumer rooted features relating to consumers physical, social and psychological needs versus consumption specific behaviour or preferences towards a product.Based on this criteria the four segments business use include: -Demographic, based on general features of human life -Geographic, based on the region the consumers live in -Behavioural, based on the consumers preferences towards products -Psychographic, based on the personality traits of consumers While many companies choose to aim their marketing strategy at a single consumer base, many successful companies choose to engage many segmentation bases with one marketing strategy. This process is called hybrid segmentation.This can be seen with Red Bulls â€Å"guerrilla marketing† strategy that established them as a successful company. It is clear that the marketing strategy segmented the market demographics and psychographic segments. For example the unique strategy that was developed to demographically target students/young adults and aimed to psychographically appeal due to their active and outgoing lifestyles. In order to continue their success in the market, Red Bulls targeted consumer base can be further segmented to increase profitability. ) How Does Red Bull arouse the motivations of consumers to purchase energy drinks? Motivation can be seen as the driving force that impels the consumer to act in fulfilling their needs, hopefully through the consumer purchasing their products. Red Bull achieves this through providing positive motivation for the consumer. 3) Describe the Bra nd Personality of Red Bull. Why do you think the concept of brand personality is so important to Red Bull?

Capital Punishment Does Death Equal Justice Essay

Capital Punishment: Does Death Equal Justice? Capital punishment causes the death of someone because that person killed someone else, yet only murderers suffer such a fate. Rapists do not endure rape, thieves do not have their possessions robbed, and those convicted of assault do not undergo a similar assault. or hundreds of years people have considered capital punishment a deterrence of crime. Seven hundred and five individuals have died since 1976, by means of capital punishment; twenty-two of these executions have already occurred this year (Death Penalty Information Center). Many U.S. citizens who strongly support the death penalty believe that capital punishment remains the best way to protect society from convicted killers.†¦show more content†¦For example: Connecticut executes offenders of capital felony crimes with nine categories of aggravated homicide, while California executes offenders of first-degree murder with special circumstances; train wrecking; treason; perjury (Death Penalty Information Center). These inconsistencies do not help the deterrence of crime, nor make those states that administer the death penalty crime-free. Statistics of murder rates in states without the death penalty compared to statistics in states that support the death penalty prove the lack of deterrence. For example, the average of murder rates per 100,000 population in 1999 among death penalty states was 5.5, whereas the average of murder rates among non-death penalty states was only 3.6 (Death Penalty Infomation Center). This lack of deterrence may exist in part, from the fact that executions occur in private, and society remains sheltered from its horrors. On the other hand, perhaps the repeated execution of prisoners by the state makes society gradually become more and more immune to the horror that should accompany the forfeiture of life. Though capital punishment does indeed fail to eliminate crime from the streets, the possible execution of innocent individuals outweighs many other concerns. Most capital punishment cases pose great difficulty in the determination of guilt or innocence beyond a reasonable doubt. An example of possible wrongful execution appears inShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination And Capital Punishment1682 Words   |  7 Pagesand capital punishment has been a heated topic discussed ever since the 1972 case Furman v. Georgia. In the article, â€Å"Does Racial Discrimination Make Capital Punishment Wrong?† by Stephen Nathanson, his position in this argument is affirmative as he argues that racial discrimination makes capital punishment wrong since death penalty is administered in an arbitrary manner. Arbitrariness is the quality of being determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle. He claims capital punishmentRead More Capital Punishment Essay1132 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment Should we kill killers is the question to answer regarding the controversial subject of capital punishment. There is strong support for both sides and many people have offered their opinions in writing for all of us to examine. John M. Olin, the Professor of Jurisprudence and Public Policy at Fordham University, gave us his Pro-Capital Punishment opinion in the Harvard Law Review in 1986. 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Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment: Should it be Legal? After the Timothy McVeigh execution over 80 percent of viewers polled supported the decision the courts made to put McVeigh to death, and even a handful of the people who supported the execution thought it was preformed in a way that was too humane. Some people say that the death penalty is the most effective way to control serious crimes such as murder, while others say that it is extremely unethical and should not be legal in a country as developed asRead MoreKant and Mills on Capital Punishment Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesKant and Mills on Capital Punishment Capital punishment has raised debate in America since 1608. Both the â€Å"pro-â€Å" and â€Å"anti-â€Å" sides of the issue have strong arguments. Some believe killing is simply wrong, and violates universal human rights, others seek the only justice they deem appropriate, equal justice. I will examine the philosophies of Immanuel Kant, and John Stuart Mill, with regards to their stance on the death penalty. John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806- 8 May 1873) was born in London, EnglandRead MoreShould Capital Punishment Be Abolish?981 Words   |  4 PagesShould capital punishment be abolish? The answer should definitely be, no. Without the death penalty, criminals would oppose the law more aggressively. Criminals would openly do as they like, because they would no longer have the restriction from the law. Meaning without the law, the crime rate would escalate greatly. Yet in light of this importance, opponents (against capital punishment) offer their oppositional viewpoints. They combat what they consider the menace of social order. They question:Read MoreA Liberal Perspective On Capital Punishment1247 Words   |  5 PagesPerspective on Capital Punishment The liberal ideology is based in the values of individualism, in that the individual themselves is important in their pursuit and struggle for freedom. There are some factors that are common in liberalism, some of which include: liberty, formation of equality and dominance of individuals in bearing within their society. This essay will discuss these ideas of liberalism in relation to how they support the controversial issue of capital punishment. Capital punishment is theRead MoreThe Canadian Justice System And Capital Punishment1713 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Canadian justice system in its views on capital punishment. Two men, Arthur Lucas, and Ronald Turpin was to be executed in Canada for committing crimes. Both had been accused of committing murder, Lucas for killing an officer while fleeing a robbery and Turpin for murdering an undercover narcotics officer. Both were hanged back to back at midnight and buried side by side with no marking on their graves. Lucas and Turpin were the last to be executed under capital punishment and since then